The measuring element of a thermocouple temperature sensor is a thermocouple, which operates on the principle of the thermoelectric (Seebeck) effect. The thermocouple’s output is a thermoelectric voltage, the magnitude of which is proportional to the temperature difference between the measuring and reference (cold) junction.
Thermocouples are standardized according to ČSN EN 60584-1 ed. 2 and are divided into two basic groups: thermocouples made of noble metals (types “S”, “R” and “B”) and thermocouples made of base metals (types “J”, “K” and “N”).
The design of the thermocouple sheath plays a key role, as it determines the sensor’s resistance to temperature, mechanical stress and chemical effects of the surrounding environment. From this point of view, thermocouple sensors can be divided into the following categories:
– sensors with a ceramic thermowell
– sensors with a metal thermowell (so-called rod-type)
– sheathed sensors
– cable sensors